Cover crops are increasingly recognised as a valuable tool for Saskatchewan farmers looking to improve soil health, reduce erosion, and enhance farm profitability. While some farmers remain unsure about this practice, cover crops offer multiple benefits that protect the land and strengthen the financial sustainability of farms.
This article explains how cover crops work, their advantages in Saskatchewan’s climate, and practical steps to get started. By understanding the connection between soil conservation and farm economics, farmers can make informed decisions that benefit both the environment and their bottom line.
What Are Cover Crops?
Cover crops are plants grown primarily to protect and improve the soil rather than for harvest. Common cover crops include legumes (like peas or clover), grasses (such as oats or barley), and brassicas (like radishes or turnips). They are usually planted after a main crop is harvested or during fallow periods.
These crops provide living ground cover that shields the soil from wind and water erosion, adds organic matter, and supports beneficial soil organisms.
How Cover Crops Protect Soil in Saskatchewan
Saskatchewan’s farming landscape is especially vulnerable to soil erosion due to its open plains, occasional strong winds, and the risk of heavy spring rains. Cover crops address these challenges in several ways:
- Reduce erosion: Their roots hold soil in place, preventing topsoil loss during wind or rain events.
- Improve soil structure: Roots create channels that increase water infiltration and reduce runoff.
- Increase organic matter: When cover crops decompose, they add nutrients and improve soil texture.
- Support beneficial microbes: Enhanced microbial activity leads to healthier, more resilient soils.
Economic Benefits of Cover Crops
Adopting cover crops isn’t just good for the environment — it can improve your farm’s financial health too. Here’s how:
1. Lower Input Costs
- Reduced fertiliser needs: Leguminous cover crops fix nitrogen naturally, decreasing the need for synthetic fertilisers.
- Improved moisture retention: Healthier soil holds more water, which can reduce irrigation costs.
- Less seedbed preparation: Improved soil structure means less tillage, cutting fuel and labour expenses.
2. Increased Crop Yields Over Time
While cover crops may require an upfront investment, many farmers see better yields in subsequent seasons thanks to improved soil fertility and moisture.
3. Risk Management
Cover crops help reduce risks associated with extreme weather by improving soil resilience against droughts or heavy rains.
Getting Started with Cover Crops: Practical Tips
Here are key steps to successfully introduce cover crops on your Saskatchewan farm:
Choose the Right Cover Crop Mix
- Select species suited to your soil type and climate.
- Consider mixes combining legumes and grasses for balanced benefits.
- Use short-season cover crops if you have limited time between cash crops.
Timing Is Crucial
- Plant cover crops immediately after harvest to maximise growth before winter.
- Avoid planting too late in the season to ensure adequate establishment.
Manage Cover Crops Properly
- Monitor growth to prevent competition with your main crop.
- Terminate cover crops at the right time using mowing, crimping, or herbicides before planting your next crop.
Start Small and Experiment
- Test cover crops on a small portion of your land before expanding.
- Track costs, labour, and crop responses to evaluate benefits.
Addressing Common Concerns
Some farmers worry about potential downsides like increased cost, labour, or pest issues. These concerns can be managed by:
- Planning carefully to integrate cover crops into existing rotations.
- Using available incentives or government programs to offset costs.
- Monitoring for pests and diseases regularly.
Protect Your Soil and Profit with Cover Crops
Cover crops are a smart investment that can safeguard Saskatchewan’s fragile soils while boosting your farm’s economic resilience. By improving soil health, reducing input costs, and increasing yields over time, they offer practical benefits that pay off year after year.
At SaskFSA, we support farmers through education, resources, and community connections to help you make cover cropping work on your farm. Join us today to learn more about implementing cover crops and other stewardship practices that protect your land and your bottom line.
Ready to take the next step? By becoming a SaskFSA member, you'll have access to workshops, expert advice, and funding opportunities tailored to Saskatchewan farmers committed to sustainable farming success.